tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73910916452061170652024-03-08T10:20:24.276-06:00Rochester Minnesota Criminal Defense and DUI Attorney; Divorce LawyerDILAVERI LAW FIRMArens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-81102703311747215192010-06-02T10:33:00.002-05:002010-06-02T11:11:21.174-05:00Miranda Rights Must Be Invoked Unequivocally - Mere Silence Is Not EnoughThe United States Supreme Court addressed the issue of the Miranda rights for the third time this year. In the <a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-1175.pdf">first case</a> the Court ruled that the wording of the Miranda rights that are being given to a suspect is not as essential as the essential information that must be conveyed. In the <a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-680.pdf">second case </a> the Court ruled that a break in "Miranda Custody" lasting more than two weeks requires a person to invoke his Miranda rights again, otherwise his/her statements will not be suppressed. The case involved a prisoner who when interviewed the first time did invoke his Miranda rights and the interview was stopped, however when he was interviewed again after a period of 2 and half years he did not invoke his Miranda rights. The Court then set this arbitrary two week period, after which a suspect that has invoked his Miranda rights and been released, needs to re-invoke them again, or his statements will be admissible.<div><br /></div><div>Finally, in the case decided yesterday, June 2, 2010, <i><a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-1470.pdf">Berghuis v. Thompkins</a> </i>the Court ruled that mere silence does not invoke the Miranda rights and that the suspects must invoke them unequivocally. In this case the accused, Van Chester Thompkins was arrested on a suspicion of drive-by shooting. During the police interview Thompkins stayed silent most of the time, however he did give some one word answers, and most importantly three hours into the interview he answered "Yes" to the question as to whether he'd pray that God would forgive him for shooting the victim. That one word statement was used against him in trial to obtain his conviction.</div><div><br /></div><div>The court held that he had waived his right to remain silent by answering questions, and further that the police need not obtain an actual waiver of his Miranda rights from him, because a waiver can be inferred “from the actions andwords of the person interrogated."</div><div><br /></div><div>So what this means in real life is that even though counterintuitive, you must speak up to assert your right to remain silent. And the magic words are: I WANT A LAWYER, or I WANT TO REMAIN SILENT. Just as important though is the fact that after you have said the magic words, you must actually remain quiet, as anything you say after that, as long as it was not coerced, will waive your request for a lawyer or your right to remain silent. If you ever find yourself having to be interrogated by the police tell them you want a <a href="http://dilaverilaw.com/53501.html">lawyer</a>, call me, and then say nothing until I get there.</div><div><br /></div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-68382490497069310512010-05-25T19:36:00.004-05:002010-05-25T20:20:56.183-05:00Cell Companies Required to Disclose Location of Their Customers<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Seems like the great fear of conspiracy theorists that the government will implant a chip on each of us and track our every move was unfounded. The government will simply use our cell phones to do so.</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The Kelsey Smith Act, which becomes effective on August 1, 2010, will allow any law enforcement agency in the State of Minnesota to simply ask for and obtain from the wireless companies the geographical location of any of their telecommunication devices, (and thereby the location of the person carrying such a device) by simply stating that it is an emergency situation that involves the risk of serious physical harm.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The wireless companies are able to pinpoint with excellent accuracy the location of the devices that are part of their network by the use of their cell phone towers. When the phone is being used, but also when it is not, it communicates with the nearest tower, or the tower with the stronger signal; however, in any event with one tower and one tower alone. Based on the strength of the signal and the location of the tower your location can be easily ascertained. Imagine driving from Rochester to the Twin Cities. As you drive along you phone will send a signal (ping) that will be picked up by a certain tower. As you progress in your trip the ping will be captured by a different tower and so forth. Thus your location and your progress are easily monitored. Do not confuse this with the GPS function that some smart phones have and that can be turned on and off. The pinging is far more basic and is part of every phone, where you are using them, or not, whether they are on or off.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Prior to this law coming into effect the law enforcement agencies had to obtain a subpoena from the Courts to get the ping records of a particular cell phone. This law does away with the need for judicial involvement and simply relies on the law enforcement agencies to simply state that there is an emergency and that the is the possibly of serious harm. Imagine being an abuse victim and not wanting to be found. Your abuser can say you are lost, it's an emergency and that you could be harmed. The police obtain the records of your phone location and presto you are found and reunited with the abuser. And even if the police lets you stay where you are, the abuser can still obtain your whereabouts because the police investigation reports are public data.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">As often is the case the question becomes how much do you trust your government and along the same lines <i>q</i></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span lang="la"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><i>uis custodiet ipsos custodes?</i></span></span></span></span></div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-3502135374979569342010-05-25T15:47:00.004-05:002010-05-25T16:23:34.741-05:00Bong Water Case: The VetoThe legislative effort to at least exclude the first four ounces of weight of the fluid used in a water pipe in determining the weight of a controlled substance mixture has met the governor's veto, who does not want criminal justice to be watered down. For a more detailed description of the legislature's efforts see <a href="http://dilaverilaw.blogspot.com/2010/05/bong-water-case-amendment.html">here</a>. <div><br /></div><div>What this means is that literally if you happen to have 1 and 3/4 tablespoons of water that somehow contains a <u>trace</u> of methamphetamine that is the <b>same</b> as you possessing 25.88 grams of meth, a controlled substance crime in the 1st degree and has the <b>same </b>punishment as assaulting and inflicting great bodily harm on someone, starting at 86 months, assuming no prior history.</div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-24139941400995006462010-05-24T16:27:00.003-05:002010-05-24T21:40:53.409-05:00Speaking of Drugs<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Beginning August 1, 2010, Minnesota will join </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Delaware,</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Virginia in making the sale and possession of <span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';"><i>Salvia divinorum </i>and<i> Salvinorin A, </i>a crime. Selling <u>any amount</u> is a gross misdemeanor and possession of <u>any amount</u> is a misdemeanor.</span></span></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';">There is a paucity of medical research regarding the effects of Salvia, however there seem to be plenty of YouTube videos, (19,200 at last count) showing people using Salvia, which are convincing legislators of the presumably LSD-like effects of this plant. This coupled with the unfortunate death of a teenager in Delaware, whose suicide may or may not have been linked to Salvia, has created a knee-jerk effect to make this plant illegal. In the interim alcohol continues to be responsible for 100,000 deaths a year in the US alone and tobacco for 400,000 deaths a year.</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';">Also of note is that possession of small amounts (as long as it is not mixed with water as seen <a href="http://dilaverilaw.blogspot.com/2010/05/bong-water-case-amendment.html">here</a>) of marijuana is a petty misdemeanor, so basically the legislature is saying that Salvia is a worse plant than Cannabis.</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 10px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 10px; font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-64632795579283973672010-05-24T12:16:00.003-05:002010-05-24T13:45:22.450-05:00Bong Water Case: The Amendment<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Following a highly divided 4-3 Supreme Court decision on October 22, 2009, that drew a very sharp dissent; the legislature of the State of Minnesota amended the drug possession statutes to try to eliminate the perverse results that came from that decision.</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>In the case in question, </span></span><a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/archive/supct/0910/OPA080579-1022.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">State v. Peck</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">, the defendant was charged with a first degree controlled substance crime (30 year in prison maximum) based on the fact that the police found a water pipe (bong) that had 37.17 grams of water (1.3 fl.oz) which contained traces of methamphetamine. The district court dismissed the charge, and the Court of Appeals upheld the decision of the district court; however the Supreme Court overturned the lower courts and ruled that </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">the first degree controlled substance crime, which states that a person is guilty if they unlawfully possesses one or more <b>mixtures </b>of a total weight of 25 grams of methamphetamine, applied in this case and the 37 gram mixture of water and trace meth that the Defendant possessed would allow the State to charge her with first degree possession.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The new statutory amendment partially remedies this situation by stating that the weight of the fluid used in a water pipe may not be considered in measuring the weight of a mixture, except in cases where the mixture contains 4 or more fluid ounces of fluid. This amendment is very narrow and seems designed solely for this case. because it does not cover any situation in which the weight of the water may be more than 4 ounces (literally 8 tablespoons)</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This is better than nothing I suppose, however because of the Peck ruling and the fact that in the criminal statutes, "<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; ">mixture" continues to mean a preparation, compound, mixture, or substance containing a controlled substance <b>regardless of purity, </b> one is still bound to encounter scenarios that go counter to common sense. Here's one that is not even that far fetched: You are the homeowner decide to have a party and invite some friends, who invite their friends. You have a pool in the back yard and some people decide to jump in the water with their clothes on and all, only they forgot they had meth in their pockets and while they swim the meth dissolves in the pool water. The police gets called because the party is getting loud, and they decide the test the pool water, which now contains traces of meth. Because the purity of the mixture does not matter, you are now the possessor of meth in the amount of the weight of the whole pool water, which for a small 15,000 gallon pool equals 62 tons of meth. And in case you are wondering that is a minimum of 86 months in prison.</span></span></span></span></div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-29739569359563353132010-05-21T21:13:00.003-05:002010-05-21T21:47:48.717-05:00US v. Comstock and Civil Commitments of the "Sexually Dangerous"<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">On Monday the United States Supreme Court issued its decision on </span></span><i><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">US v. Comstock</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> that dealt with the constitutionality of the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">18 U.S.C. 4248, which authorizes court-ordered civil commitment by the federal government of “sexually dangerous” persons who are already in the custody, but who are coming to the end of their federal prison sentences. </span></span></span></span></i><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">On a very narrow holding and without reaching or deciding </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">any claim that the statute or its application denies equal protection of the laws, procedural or substantive due process, or any other rights guaranteed by the Constitution the Supreme Court held that Congress had the authority to enact the statute. In deciding so the Court considered</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> (1) the breadth of the Necessary and Proper Clause, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">(2) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">the long history of federal involvement in this arena, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">(3) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">the sound reasons for the statute’s enactment in lightof the Government’s custodial interest in safeguarding the public from dangers posed by those in federal custody, (4) the statute’s accommodation of state interests, and (5) the statute’s narrow scope. </span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">So as it can be seen this is a two-tiered process; first the Court decides whether Congress is even authorized to enact this law, which the Court said it was, and second whether the law infringes on the Constitution. That question was left open for another day.</span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><div style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">How does this case affect civil commitments in Minnesota? Legally it does not. The constitutionality of these State statutes has been already litigated and in </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346 (1997</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">), the Court upheld the Kansas statute against substantive due process, double jeopardy, and ex post facto challenges, recognizing that “States have in certain narrow circumstances provided for the forcible civil detainment of people who are unable to control their behavior and who thereby pose a danger to the public health". A few years later, when addressing a Washington State program, the Court again emphasized that states have “an interest in protecting <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">the public from dangerous individuals with treatable as well as untreatable conditions.”</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> Seling v. Young,<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-size: 16px; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">531 U.S. 250, 262 (2001)</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. Likewise the </span><a href="https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=253B.185"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Minnesota Statutes</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> have also been held constitutional.</span></span></span></i></span></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></i></span></div></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></i></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">From a practical point of view States have a great interest in the Federal Government having a sex offender civil commitment program. With costs running in the $64,000.00 per year per person, the states are eager to share some of those costs with the federal government, because until the federal program was enacted they were shouldering this burden alone. Now they now longer have to do so.</span></span></span></div>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-45320185007376235742010-05-15T22:33:00.000-05:002010-05-15T22:34:22.248-05:00New Minnesota DUI License Laws<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px; ">The Minnesota statutes for DUI license revocations are about to get much harsher. Under the new law, which seems to give great preference to the use of the ignition interlock device, the license revocation penalties will increase substantially and the drivers, especially those with multiple DUIs will have to use an ignition interlock device, or the alternative will be a very extended revocation period of 2, 3, 4 or 6 years. Any restricted license that will be issued will require the driver to have an ignition interlock device. On the positive side the wait times to obtain a restricted license with the ignition device have been eliminated and unless the license revocation is for criminal vehicular homicide or injury, in which case the wait time is one year, the normal waiting period will be for 15 days.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">Also of note is that the driver’s license revocation penalties increase at twice the BAC legal limit or .16 and not at .20 as it was before. However for purposes of criminal charges, in order to be charged with an aggravated factor, the BAC continues to remain at .20.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">Here’s the chart of the new penalties and the old ones next to them for comparison purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">TEST REFUSAL</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ADMINISTRATIVE</i> PENALTIES<o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Old Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Same<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Two priors within 10 years, or three priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">3 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Three priors within 10 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">4 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Four priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">6 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">TEST REFUSAL</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">CRIMINAL</i> PENALTIES<o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Old Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">90 day <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Same<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Two priors within 10 years, or three priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">3 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Three priors within 10 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">4 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="193" valign="top" style="width:144.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Four priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="174" valign="top" style="width:130.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">6 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="222" valign="top" style="width:166.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New R<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">TEST FAILURE</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ADMINISTRATIVE</i> SANCTIONS <o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New Rules<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Old Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation .08-.15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">90 <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>days /180 if under <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">21 years old<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Same<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation >.15 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6 months at <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>>.19BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors .08-.15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors >15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 1 year at > .19BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Two priors within 10 years, or three priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">3 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6-12 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Three priors within 10 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">4 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 12 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Four priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">6 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">TEST FAILURE</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">CRIMINAL</i> SANCTIONS <o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New Rules<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Difference with the Old Rule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation .08-.15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">30 <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>days /180 if under <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">21 years old<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Same<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">First violation >.15 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6 months at <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>>.19BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors .08-.15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">One prior within 10 years, or two priors >15 BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 1 year at > .19BAC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Two priors within 10 years, or three priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">3 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 6-12 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Three priors within 10 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">4 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Was 12 months<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="205" valign="top" style="width:153.9pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Four priors<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td width="180" valign="top" style="width:135.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">6 year revocation<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="234" valign="top" style="width:175.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1; border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor: text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">New<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">The reason that there are both criminal and administrative driver’s license sanctions is that sometimes, but not very often, the commissioner of the Department of Public Safety does not invoke the implied consent law, thus the administrative sanctions do not apply and the driver can suffer the license consequences through his criminal conviction. Other times, most cases, the implied consent law is invoked and the sanctions are done administratively, thus should the criminal case be dismissed or the driver be found not guilty he/she would have already suffered the license consequences administratively.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">This law will not go into effect until July of 2011, presumably to allow the Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety to get in place the ignition interlock program. <o:p></o:p></span></p>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-2947109757635926862009-05-27T18:52:00.011-05:002010-05-12T20:33:43.863-05:00New Court Filing Fees Coming Up July 1, 2009<p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in" class="ListParagraph" align="left"><span style="font-family:Symbol;font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:0;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In </span></span><span style="font-size:100%;">In order to offset the judiciary's budget deficit, the State of Minnesota is significantly increasing the filing and surcharge fees it will charge beginning July 1, 2009.<br /> Please note that Olmsted County was already charging $255 for a Civil Filing Fee, $335 for a Dissolution and $65 for a Conciliation (Small Claim) Fee, so it is likely that the filing fees in Olmsted County beginning on July 1, 2009 would become $325 for a Civil Filing Fee, $405 for a dissolution and $80 for Small Claims. However no official announcement has been made as of yet. The most significant increase (percentage wise) is the cost of filing a motion, which will increase from $55.00 to $100.00.<br />Here are the detailed changes effective July 1, 2009</span></span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;">. <?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:times new roman;"><o:p><span style="font-family:times new roman;"></span></o:p></p><table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: medium; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 41.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none" class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><thead><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Fee<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Amount of Increase<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Civil Filing Fee<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$240 to $ 310<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Dissolution Filing Fee<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$320 to $390<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Conciliation Court Filing Fee<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$50 to $65<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Appellate Court Filing Fee<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$500 to $550<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Jury Trial Request<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$75 to $100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Certified Copies<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$10 to $14<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Uncertified Copies<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$5 to $8<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Subpoenas<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$12 to $16<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Motion Fee<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$55 to $100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Issuance of executions and writs<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$40 to $55<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Issuance or filing of transcript judgment<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$30 to $40<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Annual Trust Account filings<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$40 to $55<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Deposit of a will<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$20 to $27<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Child Support motions<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$55 to $100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Parking Surcharge<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$4 to $12<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.75in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="264"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Public Defender Co-Pay<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.25in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="216"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">$28 to $75<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:times new roman;"><o:p><span style="font-family:times new roman;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:times new roman;"><o:p><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:times new roman;"><br /><o:p><span style="font-family:times new roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><br /></o:p></p>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-69248283462144316412008-07-01T20:42:00.000-05:002008-07-01T20:43:35.795-05:00Jury nullification; the power to forgiveIn a published decision, State v. Hooks, which came out today, the Court of Appeals addressed the issue of jury nullification. It defined it as "the extraordinary power of the jury to issue a not guilty verdict even if the law as applied to the proven facts establishes that the defendant is guilty." It continued by saying that: "It is the jury’s prerogative to disregard the law without actually committing an unlawful offense in doing so; its exercise is literally illegitimate (contrary to law) but practically legitimate (allowed by law). It is the physical power to disregard the law that has been laid down to the jury by the court."<br /><br />However, although the courts must instruct jurors on the legal framework to guide their decision whether to convict or acquit, they are not required to instruct jurors that they also have the power of lenity allowing them to disregard that legal framework.At the same time courts are prohibited from directing verdicts for the state even if all the facts point only to guilt.<br /><br />Thus, a defendant is entitled to have all the elements of the offense with which he is charged submitted to the jury even if the evidence relating to these elements is uncontradicted, because the Court must recogize the fact that the defendant can still be found not guilty based on the jury's power to disregard the law and be lenient to the defendant.Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-25273787433924816842008-03-09T17:49:00.002-05:002008-03-09T17:57:06.640-05:00MN Family Law: Can I divorce my spouse due to abandonment?Unlike other states Minnesota has a "no-fault" divorce law. This means it is not necessary to prove your spouse is at fault by abandoning you and that was the cause of the breakup of the marriage. The only reason that the Courts in Minnesota will recognize in granting a divorce is that there has been "an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage relationship." This means that there is no hope that the spouses will want to live together again as husband and wife. Thus, a spouse who wants a divorce is almost certain to be granted one by the court even if the other spouse does not want a divorce.<br />Usually fault of either spouse in the breakup of the marriage will not be considered by the court in granting the dissolution, however it may considered in determining custody of the children.<br />For more Q&A check out my <a href="http://www.dilaverilaw.com/">website</a>.Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-79606846127466720952008-03-08T21:23:00.004-06:002008-03-09T17:49:02.718-05:00FAQs - MN Family Law: Guardian v. Guardian ad LitemQ. Is there a difference between a "guardian" and a "guardian ad <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">litem</span></span>"?<br />A. Yes! The "guardian" is the person who by a court order, has been given custody of the child and acts as the parent for the child. They can be a biological parent or a third party (i.e. grandparent). They make the decisions about a child and the child’s needs. The guardian decides where the child lives and how the child is brought up.<br />The "guardian ad <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">litem</span></span>" ("ad <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">litem</span></span>" means "for the lawsuit") is a person the Court asks to work with a child or a person who has a disability that makes it hard for them to understand a case that involves them. In other cases, like in custody cases or neglect or abuse cases, a guardian ad <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">litem</span></span> may be appointed to investigate and stand for the child’s best interests. Guardians ad <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">litem</span></span> tell the court what is best custody and parenting time arrangement for the child. They do an independent investigation, by talking to the child, the parents and other care-givers. In the end they provide a report to the court outlining the best interests of the child. Their recommendations are not <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">dispositive</span>;</span> however they do carry great weight.Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-9202786100542132722008-02-28T10:31:00.002-06:002008-02-28T10:59:59.905-06:00Maintenance: Karon Waiver Invalid Without Independent Findings Required in Minn. Stat. 518.552(5)In an unpublished decision in McDaniel v. McDaniel, MN COURT OF APPEALS 06-2446, the Court of Appeals held that the district court's failure to make the required findings made the parties' <em>Karon Waiver</em> ineffective.<br />In McDaniel, the parties’ marriage was dissolved on August 21, 2000. The dissolution decree, which was based on a stipulated agreement, awarded the wife spousal maintenance of $600 per week for 20 years and provided that payments would not terminate upon her remarriage. The Karon waiver was included, stating:<br /> <em>It is further stipulated and agreed that except for the aforesaid maintenance, each party waives and is forever barred from receiving any spousal maintenance whatsoever from one another, and this court is divested from having any jurisdiction whatsoever to award temporary or permanent maintenance to either of the parties. </em><br /> <em>It is further understood and agreed that both parties specifically waive any right to return to court to seek a modification of either the amount or the term of the aforesaid maintenance, based upon a change of circumstances . . . or to seek cost-of-living increases . . . </em><br /><em> It is further agreed that the court shall retain jurisdiction solely to enforce husband's obligation to pay maintenance to wife . . . . Wife's waiver of the right to further or additional maintenance is null and void if wife's economic rights and/or responsibilities are adversely affected by husband's discharge of any obligation in a bankruptcy proceeding or non-payment .<br /></em>Husband then moved for modification of his spousal maintenance obligation in August 2006, claiming that "the terms of the Judgment and Decree were unfair and inequitable" and that he and the wife both had a substantial change in income. Husband also claimed that, when he signed the marital termination agreement, he was suffering from major depression and was not represented by counsel.<br />The district court denied husband’s motion for modification, concluding that the dissolution court had met the requirements of 518.552 (5) by specifically finding that the marital termination agreement’s waiver provision was fair and equitable and supported by consideration and that full disclosure of financial circumstances occurred between the parties.<br />The aforementioned statute requires the following specific findings of the district court in order to preclude or limit modification of maintenance:<br />1. The stipulation is fair and equitable;<br />2. The stipulation is supported by consideration described in the findings;<br />3. Full disclosure of each party’s financial circumstances has occurred.<br />The Court of Appeals relied on the plain language of the statute, which requires the district court itself to specifically make the findings, not to merely recite the parties’ agreed-upon stipulations.<br />The Court of Appeals found that the District Court merely recited the parties' agreement into the findings, and that this mere repetition of the parties’ language did not fulfill the statutory requirement that the dissolution court specifically find that the agreement was 1.fair and equitable, 2. supported by consideration, and 3. that full disclosure has <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">occurred. </span><br /><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected">Based on the foregoing the Court of Appeals ruled that the dissolution court’s judgment failed to divest the district court of subject matter jurisdiction over modification of appellant’s spousal maintenance obligations because the dissolution court did not make its own independent findings as required by Minn. Stat. § 518.552(5). </span>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-64425263879337907672008-02-14T14:32:00.005-06:002008-02-14T19:10:30.372-06:00MN DUI Law: One foot in the car and tossing the keys to a third party is not "Physical Control"<u><strong>Snyder v. Comm'r of Pub. Safety, 2008 Minn. App. LEXIS 11</strong></u><br />On September 2, 2006, Jason Snyder attended a wedding reception, where he was involved in an altercation with some of the other guests. The police arrived as Snyder, his wife, and two of their friends were walking toward a vehicle parked in a lot adjoining the reception site. As they approached, they observed Snyder unlock the driver's side door. Snyder opened the door, placed his right foot inside the passenger compartment, and had his left hand, which was holding keys, on the door. Snyder noticed Deputy Wirkkula approaching, and turned around and began walking toward the squad car. As he walked, he tossed the keys to his wife. Snyder was then arrested for DWI and his license was revoked under the implied consent law.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.lexis.com/research/retrieve?_m=c5254d27a0998f0f22a2c68013922ed4&docnum=3&_fmtstr=FULL&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkAt&_md5=fd687084e119fa2eb0c6f6524facbf4f&focBudTerms=&focBudSel=all#clscc2" target="_self"></a>In reversing the decision of the District Court, the Court of Appeals stated that, "a person's license is revoked if he or she was in physical control of a vehicle and had an alcohol concentration higher than .08. "The term 'physical control' is more comprehensive than 'drive' or 'operate.'" <a href="http://www.lexis.com/research/retrieve?_m=c5254d27a0998f0f22a2c68013922ed4&docnum=3&_fmtstr=FULL&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkAt&_md5=fd687084e119fa2eb0c6f6524facbf4f&focBudTerms=&focBudSel=all#clscc3" target="_self"></a>The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined that an acceptable jury instruction describing "physical control" may read as follows: Being in a position to exercise dominion or control over the vehicle. Thus, a person is in physical control of a vehicle if he has the means to initiate any movement of that vehicle and he is in close proximity to the operating controls of the vehicle, and this is true whether the vehicle can be driven on the highway at that point or not.Furthermore, <a href="http://www.lexis.com/research/retrieve?_m=c5254d27a0998f0f22a2c68013922ed4&docnum=3&_fmtstr=FULL&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkAt&_md5=fd687084e119fa2eb0c6f6524facbf4f&focBudTerms=&focBudSel=all#clscc4" target="_self"></a>"physical control is meant to cover situations where an inebriated person is found in a parked vehicle under circumstances where the car, without too much difficulty, might again be started and become a source of danger to the operator, to others, or to property." Intent to operate does not have to be shown in order to find that an individual is in physical control. But mere presence in or about the vehicle is not enough to show physical control; a court examines the overall situation in making its determination. In certain circumstances, the overall situation has indicated that a defendant was in "physical control" of a vehicle even when not located inside the passenger compartment. For example, a motorist standing at the rear of the vehicle was found to be in "physical control" when the vehicle had a flat tire, the engine was running, the key was in the ignition, no one else was present, and she owned the vehicle. But often, whether the motorist involved is seated in the motor vehicle is an important factor involved in the overall consideration of whether he or she is exercising physical dominion over a vehicle. Moreover, Snyder handed his keys to a third party before getting into the car, ending the prospects for his driving or taking control of the vehicle. Before appellant relinquished his keys, he was someone who could start the car without much trouble. But a showing that he had physical control, creating danger, required evidence of special circumstances surrounding recent use, or evidence that he became seated or otherwise dealt with the operation of the car.<br />Based on the record the Court of Appeals found that Snyder could not be found to have been in "physical control" sufficient for license revocation under the implied consent law therefore the decision sustaining revocation of his license was reversed.Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-90413355940124123942008-01-05T13:55:00.000-06:002008-01-05T15:39:07.509-06:00Vindicating the Right to an Attorney in Minnesota DUI ArrestsThis past week the Minnesota Court of Appeals addressed the issue of vindicating the right to an attorney for people arrested under the suspicion of driving under the influence in two separate unpublished opinions; <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa061805-1231.htm"><span style="color:#000000;">A06-1805</span></a> State of Minnesota vs. Christopher Charles Tupper and <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa070316-1231.htm"><span style="color:#000000;">A07-316</span></a> State of Minnesota vs. Robert William Stevens.<br /><br /><strong>The Tupper Case</strong><br /><br />In Tupper, the police arrested the Defendant on suspicion of driving while impaired (DWI) and administered a preliminary breath test that showed his alcohol concentration to be .145. The officer transported Tupper to a police station, where he read the implied-consent advisory to Tupper. At 2:45 a.m., before asking Tupper to submit to chemical testing, the officer gave Tupper a telephone and telephone books to assist him in contacting an attorney. During the next 30 minutes, Tupper made several unsuccessful attempts to contact and consult with an attorney. At 3:16 a.m., the officer told Tupper that he could make no more calls and that he would need to decide whether he would submit to chemical testing without the advice of counsel.<br />Unsure of how to proceed and confused about the effect that the decision would have on his commercial driver’s license, Tupper asked for “another 15 minutes to try to contact another lawyer out of the phone book.” (<em>This is important because as we will see in the other case not continuing to attempt to reach an attorney, could mean that you no longer need one and could vindicate your right) </em>The officer denied the request<em>. </em>Tupper then refused the test and was subsequently charged with third-degree refusal to submit to chemical testing.<br /><br />The Court opined that the Minnesota Constitution guarantees an accused driver the right to a reasonable opportunity to get legal advice before deciding whether to submit to chemical testing. This limited right to counsel will be considered vindicated if “the person is provided with a telephone prior to testing and given a reasonable time to contact and talk with counsel.” But “if counsel cannot be contacted within a reasonable time, the person may be required to make a decision regarding testing in the absence of counsel.” What period of time is reasonable depends on the totality of the circumstances and whether the driver made “a good-faith and sincere effort to reach an attorney.” Other issued to be addressed include the time of day and the length of the detention, to determine whether the amount of time afforded was reasonable.<br /><br />In this case the Defendant made his telephone calls between 2:45 a.m. and 3:16 a.m. Because of the difficulty in reaching an attorney in the early-morning hours, the Court stated that the defendant should have been allowed more time than if he had been arrested during daytime hours. Additionally, the only rationale articulated by the officer for ending Tupper’s attempts to contact an attorney at 3:16 a.m. was a 30-minute limit imposed by Minneapolis Police Department policy, which applies regardless of the time of day that a driver is attempting to contact an attorney. This court found the Minneapolis PD time limitation improper and ruled that the Defendant's right to counsel was not vindicated and reversed the District Court.<br /><br /><strong>The Stevens Case</strong><br /><br />In Stevens, a Rochester police officer stopped the Defendant after observing him make a wide turn and change lanes without signaling. The defendant was subsequently arrested for driving while impaired (DWI). At approximately 3:00 a.m., the officer began processing appellant for the arrest. At 3:07 a.m., the officer read appellant the Minnesota Implied Consent Advisory statement. At approximately 3:33 a.m., appellant took an Intoxilyzer test. The test recorded appellant’s alcohol concentration at .13.<br /><br />This case differs from the previous one in a couple of respects; first the Defendant, after trying to contact an attorney eventually gave up and consented to the test, second he requested to speak to his father and was not allowed, third the police was very involved in advising the Defendant. Specifically, the police officer opined:<br /><br /><ul><li><em>Refusal is a crime, so the attorneys aren’t going to tell you to not take the test—you understand?</em></li><li><em>If you don’t test that is a crime . . . so I find it hard to believe that any attorney in that book is going to tell you not to test,</em> and lastly</li><li><em>There’s not going to be hardly any attorney out there that is going to tell you not to take the test.</em></li></ul><p>Defendant argued that his right to counsel was not vindicated because the officer's comments discouraged him from calling an attorney. However, the Court said that his right was vindicated, and while "<strong>an attorney, not a police officer, is the appropriate source of legal advice</strong>” the record showed that Defendant twice called his attorney of choice, and he had ample opportunity to call others. The officer need only facilitate the right to counsel, not ensure that defendant receives the best counsel. The officer did so when she gave the defendant the phone and phonebook and allowed him to make calls. </p>With regard to the call to his father that was denied by the police, the Court stated that there is a limited right for a defendant to contact his parents for the purpose of obtaining the name of an attorney. But in this case the Defendant never stated that he wanted to call his dad so that he could get the name of an attorney, therefore the conviction was affirmed.<br /><em></em><br /><em>Morals of the cases.</em><br /><em></em><br /><em>As it can be seen in the first case the conviction was thrown out because the Court found the rule of 30 minutes to be arbitrary considering the time of night and the fact that the defendant requested more time. Yet, in the second case the Court ruled that 26 minutes were enough to vindicate the right to an attorney because the Defendant did not ask to for more time and consented to the test, nor did he tell the police that he needed to call his parents to get the name of their</em><em> (an) attorney. Lastly, it's easy being a lawyer, just ask the police. They will advise you strait to a conviction.</em>Arens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7391091645206117065.post-10423576347043826702008-01-04T20:21:00.000-06:002008-01-04T20:24:27.208-06:00WelcomeThank you for taking time to visit my blog. I wanted to use this opportunity to inform you that my move at my new location is now complete. I am now located at 423 Third Avenue SE, Rochester, Minnesota. Feel free to browse the website for more information and details. I look forward to your comments and questions.<br />ArensArens Dilaverihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09528480159333377166noreply@blogger.com0